高分求助~英语双学位毕业论文翻译~~急~
如题，朋友的毕业论文，急着要呢 我来不及翻译完了，请各位英语牛人来帮忙翻译一部分吧~在线等~~采纳追加分~~如下：
常规应对策略
事实上，所谓不可译的地方也不是完全不可能翻译，一些特殊语言现象虽然不能移植到译语之中，但起码它们在本语中所起的作用还是能够传达。针对文化上的不可译因素可通过补偿手段进行处理。
直译
所谓直译，就是既保持原文美容又保持原文风格与形式的翻译方法。例如"dollar policy"可译为“金元外交”、"paper tiger"可译为“纸老虎”、"from head to food" 可译为“从头到脚”。又如“她有沉鱼落雁之容，闭月羞花之貌”可直译为"Her beauty makes the fish sink, the goose fall down and the moon hide herself and put the flowers to shame ."由于此句属于英汉文化共核范围，直译为英语非但不会造成文化沟通的障碍，而且保留了原文的信息性、形象性和生动性。
音译
当一种语言中存在着的词汇或文化概念在另一种语言中无对应成分时，就会出现语义空白或文化真空。在这种情况下，原文语言与译文语言的差异最大，尤其是在英汉之间，译者难以直接从形式或语义角度着手。此时，音译或半音译不失为一种较为便捷的方法。例如，radar---雷达，morphine---吗啡，humour---幽默，copy---拷贝，功夫---Kungfu.
意译
所谓意译，就是只保持原文内容而不保持原文风格与形式的翻译方法。例如"white elephant"可译为“无用而累赘的东西”、"a skeleton in cupboard"可译为“家丑不可外扬”、“沾花惹草”可译为"look for trouble".又如把“外甥打灯笼---照舅（旧）”可译为"act according to the old ways",这样让人一目了然，若是非把这句话直译为"the nephew carrying a lantern---showing the way for his uncle doing things in the old fashion"就让人不知所云。
借用
借用是采用借用别的词的办法将原文语言中词汇直接输入到译文语言中来。在我们日常交流中有很多词是借用英语的，例如"Hi""Hello""Ok""powerPoint""Bye-Bye"和“CEO"等。
替代
替代即转译、替代，主要包括词汇创新和阐述性转译。词汇创新是综合利用音译、意译等手段创造新的词汇，例如，"Champaign""beer""swallow tail".许多特殊的汉语文化负载词汇往往需要通过cultural substitute 的方法才能实现。又如，“这实在是叫做‘天有不测风云’，她的男人是坚实人，谁知道年纪轻轻就断送在伤寒上（鲁迅《祝福》）”。可译为"It was really a bolt from the blue . Her husband was so strong nobody could have guessed that a young fellow like that would die of typhoid fever ."
6直译加注
这种方法既可以保存原文的民族文化特点，又易于读者理解。如：“孔乙己是站着喝酒而穿长衫的唯一的人......穿的虽然是长衫，可是又脏又破，似乎没有补也没有洗......”"kung was the only long-growned customer to drink his own standing .Although he was a Long gown ,it was dirty and tattered, and looked as if it had not been washed or mended for over ten years.（杨宪益 戴乃迭 译）”“长衫”在中国封建时代是上层社会的有钱人的穿着，是文化阶层的读书人的标志。英语的"long gown"和"short coat" 对于英语读者而言只是不同的衣服，并非地位与知识的标志，因此难以将"long gown" 与孔乙己的穷酸迂腐的性格联系起来。John Day 采用了直译（long gown)+脚注（long gowns were usually worn by the gentry)的方法，在一定程度上揭示了隐含在“长衫”一词中的文化意义，使译语读者也能如汉语读者一样领悟到原文深刻的主题思想。
General coping strategies
In fact, the so-called non-local translation is not entirely impossible to translate, some special linguistic phenomena can not be transplanted to the target despite being, at least in the language of their role is to communicate. Translation for cultural factors can not be processed by means of compensation.
Literal Translation
The so-called literal translation, that is, while maintaining the original beauty while maintaining the original style and form of translation method. Such as "dollar policy" can be translated as "dollar diplomacy", "paper tiger" can be translated as "paper tiger", "from head to food" can be translated as "head to toe." Again, "she beauties of the content, Biyuexiuhua of appearance" can be literally translated as "Her beauty makes the fish sink, the goose fall down and the moon hide herself and put the flowers to shame." As the sentence is in English and Chinese culture of the nuclear area, the literal translation of English to communicate not only will not lead to cultural barriers, but also retains the original information of the image and vitality.
Transliteration
When a language or cultural terms there is the concept of another language without the corresponding components, they will appear blank or cultural vacuum semantics. In this case, the original language and translation between languages the most, especially in between English and Chinese, the translator is difficult to form or directly from the semantic angle. At this point, the sounds or the semi-transliteration is a better and convenient way. For example, radar --- radar, morphine --- morphine, humour --- humor, copy --- copy, kung fu --- Kungfu.
Paraphrase
The so-called free translation is not only to maintain the original content to keep the original style and form of translation method. Such as "white elephant" can be translated as "useless and redundant stuff", "a skeleton in cupboard" can be translated as "family shame should not be," "philandering," can be translated as "look for trouble". Another example is the "--- lanterns photo nephew uncle (old)" can be translated as "act according to the old ways", this makes clear, if this phrase literally translated as non-"the nephew carrying a lantern --- showing the way for his uncle doing things in the old fashion "on the bewildering.
Borrow
Borrowing is used to borrow another term approach to the original language word translation directly into the language to. In our everyday communication, there are many words borrowed from English, such as "Hi" "Hello" "Ok" "powerPoint" "Bye-Bye" and "CEO" and so on.
Substitute
Alternative that is translated, alternative, including creative and elaborate vocabulary of translation. Innovation is the word utilization phonetic, semantic and other means to create new terms such as, "Champaign" "beer" "swallow tail". Many special Words in Chinese culture through cultural substitute is often the method can be achieved. Again, "This is called 'Accidents will happen', she's a man who is strong, who knows ruin a young age on the typhoid (Lu Xun's" blessing ")." Can be translated as "It was really a bolt from the blue. Her husband was so strong nobody could have guessed that a young fellow like that would die of typhoid fever."
6 literal notation
This method can preserve the cultural characteristics of the original, simple to the reader to understand. Such as: "Kung is standing drinking and the only one who wore gown ...... Although he wore a gown, but dirty and broken, does not seem to make up not wash ......"" kung was the only long-growned customer to drink his own standing. Although he was a Long gown, it was dirty and tattered, and looked as if it had not been washed or mended for over ten years. (Yang Xianyi Gladys translation) "" gown "in the feudal era of the wealthy upper-class dress, is the cultural symbol of class scholars. English "long gown" and "short coat" for English readers, but different clothes, not a sign of status and knowledge, it is difficult to "long gown" and the scrubby bookish character Kung link. John Day with a literal translation (long gown) + footnote (long gowns were usually worn by the gentry) method, to a certain extent, reveal implicit in the "gown" cultural significance of the term, so that readers can also target language, such as Like Chinese readers deep insight into the original theme.
In fact, the so-called non-local translation is not entirely impossible to translate, some special linguistic phenomena can not be transplanted to the target despite being, at least in the language of their role is to communicate. Translation for cultural factors can not be processed by means of compensation.
Literal Translation
The so-called literal translation, that is, while maintaining the original beauty while maintaining the original style and form of translation method. Such as "dollar policy" can be translated as "dollar diplomacy", "paper tiger" can be translated as "paper tiger", "from head to food" can be translated as "head to toe." Again, "she beauties of the content, Biyuexiuhua of appearance" can be literally translated as "Her beauty makes the fish sink, the goose fall down and the moon hide herself and put the flowers to shame." As the sentence is in English and Chinese culture of the nuclear area, the literal translation of English to communicate not only will not lead to cultural barriers, but also retains the original information of the image and vitality.
Transliteration
When a language or cultural terms there is the concept of another language without the corresponding components, they will appear blank or cultural vacuum semantics. In this case, the original language and translation between languages the most, especially in between English and Chinese, the translator is difficult to form or directly from the semantic angle. At this point, the sounds or the semi-transliteration is a better and convenient way. For example, radar --- radar, morphine --- morphine, humour --- humor, copy --- copy, kung fu --- Kungfu.
Paraphrase
The so-called free translation is not only to maintain the original content to keep the original style and form of translation method. Such as "white elephant" can be translated as "useless and redundant stuff", "a skeleton in cupboard" can be translated as "family shame should not be," "philandering," can be translated as "look for trouble". Another example is the "--- lanterns photo nephew uncle (old)" can be translated as "act according to the old ways", this makes clear, if this phrase literally translated as non-"the nephew carrying a lantern --- showing the way for his uncle doing things in the old fashion "on the bewildering.
Borrow
Borrowing is used to borrow another term approach to the original language word translation directly into the language to. In our everyday communication, there are many words borrowed from English, such as "Hi" "Hello" "Ok" "powerPoint" "Bye-Bye" and "CEO" and so on.
Substitute
Alternative that is translated, alternative, including creative and elaborate vocabulary of translation. Innovation is the word utilization phonetic, semantic and other means to create new terms such as, "Champaign" "beer" "swallow tail". Many special Words in Chinese culture through cultural substitute is often the method can be achieved. Again, "This is called 'Accidents will happen', she's a man who is strong, who knows ruin a young age on the typhoid (Lu Xun's" blessing ")." Can be translated as "It was really a bolt from the blue. Her husband was so strong nobody could have guessed that a young fellow like that would die of typhoid fever."
6 literal notation
This method can preserve the cultural characteristics of the original, simple to the reader to understand. Such as: "Kung is standing drinking and the only one who wore gown ...... Although he wore a gown, but dirty and broken, does not seem to make up not wash ......"" kung was the only long-growned customer to drink his own standing. Although he was a Long gown, it was dirty and tattered, and looked as if it had not been washed or mended for over ten years. (Yang Xianyi Gladys translation) "" gown "in the feudal era of the wealthy upper-class dress, is the cultural symbol of class scholars. English "long gown" and "short coat" for English readers, but different clothes, not a sign of status and knowledge, it is difficult to "long gown" and the scrubby bookish character Kung link. John Day with a literal translation (long gown) + footnote (long gowns were usually worn by the gentry) method, to a certain extent, reveal implicit in the "gown" cultural significance of the term, so that readers can also target language, such as Like Chinese readers deep insight into the original theme.
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第1个回答 2010-05-21
Conventional strategies
In fact, so-called translation is not impossible, some special linguistic phenomenon, though not transplanted into the target language, but at least they in the role of language can convey. According to the cultural factors can be processed by means of compensation.
Literal translation
So-called literal text, which not only keep the original style and beauty and maintain translation methods of form. For example "selling" for "policy", "foreign financial idea can be translated as" tiger ", "a paper tiger", "your head under the preserved as" from head to foot. And if she has the capacity of ChenYuLaYan BiYueXiuHua, "to" beauty country can sink fish, providing the goose fell down and hide the moon to herself and any 6 "because of the shame belongs to the scope of Chinese culture and English for nuclear not only won't cause of cultural communication obstacles, and retain the original informedness, vivid and vivid.
,
When a language exist in vocabulary or cultural concept in another language without corresponding ingredients, can appear the semantic gap or cultural vacuum. In this case, the original language and language differences between maximum, especially in English, the translator is directly from the perspective of semantic form or. At this time, transliteration or half is a more convenient, the method. For example, clear - radar, morphine - - humour morphine, humor, copy, copy - - Kungfu.
free
So-called free, just keep text content and not keep original style and form of translation methods. Such as "white" can be looked as "useless and burdensome thing", "a 62 cupboard is" in "tolajon malpuran lavu en la domo" and "philandering" for "look for" as to happen, "nephew lanterns - according to their old" for "act more exactly," let it be clear at a glance, if the person is this sentence literal translation is a lantern nephew "advertising - showing his uncle rationally for doing it for the strong" let people sea.
borrow
By borrowing is another word to the original language input to the language vocabulary directly. In our daily communication has many words are borrowed from the English, such as "Hi" Hello "" Ok" powerPoint "notification.thank notification.thank" and CEO, "etc.
alternative
Instead, the alternative is translated, mainly including vocabulary and expounds the innovation of translation. Innovation is the comprehensive utilization of vocabulary, translation, create new vocabulary means, for example, "do" Champaign "swallow tail." many special Chinese culture-loaded words often need water through the method can realize the substitute. Another example, "this is called" unforeseen circumstances, she is the man who knows solid muir is ruining in lu xun's blessing on typhoid () ". Is It a blue bolt save the country was strong, husband having guessed that nobody would like, a common site of typhoid fever die."
6 literal
This method can save the ethnic culture characteristics, and easy to understand. Such as: "bore b f is standing in the wine and alluring man... wear although gown, but dirty and break up, seems to have no washing..." "Kung growned - was how to please his standing its customer with a salt was dirty and gown, was tattered, as if it had not which has washed or mended operations (campaigns for over yan xianyi socio-semiotic)" in Chinese feudal gown "is rich in the upper class society, culture is the symbol of class. English "mutually gown" and "short coat" for English readers different clothes, not only the knowledge, and that will be "mutually with the gown" kong yiji any link of character. Pedantic John and adopts the literal (mutually gown) + footnote gowns worn / (mutually in the headline gentry) method in a certain extent, reveals the implicit in the "obligatory" is a word of cultural significance, so readers can also like Chinese readers comprehend the deep theme text.
In fact, so-called translation is not impossible, some special linguistic phenomenon, though not transplanted into the target language, but at least they in the role of language can convey. According to the cultural factors can be processed by means of compensation.
Literal translation
So-called literal text, which not only keep the original style and beauty and maintain translation methods of form. For example "selling" for "policy", "foreign financial idea can be translated as" tiger ", "a paper tiger", "your head under the preserved as" from head to foot. And if she has the capacity of ChenYuLaYan BiYueXiuHua, "to" beauty country can sink fish, providing the goose fell down and hide the moon to herself and any 6 "because of the shame belongs to the scope of Chinese culture and English for nuclear not only won't cause of cultural communication obstacles, and retain the original informedness, vivid and vivid.
,
When a language exist in vocabulary or cultural concept in another language without corresponding ingredients, can appear the semantic gap or cultural vacuum. In this case, the original language and language differences between maximum, especially in English, the translator is directly from the perspective of semantic form or. At this time, transliteration or half is a more convenient, the method. For example, clear - radar, morphine - - humour morphine, humor, copy, copy - - Kungfu.
free
So-called free, just keep text content and not keep original style and form of translation methods. Such as "white" can be looked as "useless and burdensome thing", "a 62 cupboard is" in "tolajon malpuran lavu en la domo" and "philandering" for "look for" as to happen, "nephew lanterns - according to their old" for "act more exactly," let it be clear at a glance, if the person is this sentence literal translation is a lantern nephew "advertising - showing his uncle rationally for doing it for the strong" let people sea.
borrow
By borrowing is another word to the original language input to the language vocabulary directly. In our daily communication has many words are borrowed from the English, such as "Hi" Hello "" Ok" powerPoint "notification.thank notification.thank" and CEO, "etc.
alternative
Instead, the alternative is translated, mainly including vocabulary and expounds the innovation of translation. Innovation is the comprehensive utilization of vocabulary, translation, create new vocabulary means, for example, "do" Champaign "swallow tail." many special Chinese culture-loaded words often need water through the method can realize the substitute. Another example, "this is called" unforeseen circumstances, she is the man who knows solid muir is ruining in lu xun's blessing on typhoid () ". Is It a blue bolt save the country was strong, husband having guessed that nobody would like, a common site of typhoid fever die."
6 literal
This method can save the ethnic culture characteristics, and easy to understand. Such as: "bore b f is standing in the wine and alluring man... wear although gown, but dirty and break up, seems to have no washing..." "Kung growned - was how to please his standing its customer with a salt was dirty and gown, was tattered, as if it had not which has washed or mended operations (campaigns for over yan xianyi socio-semiotic)" in Chinese feudal gown "is rich in the upper class society, culture is the symbol of class. English "mutually gown" and "short coat" for English readers different clothes, not only the knowledge, and that will be "mutually with the gown" kong yiji any link of character. Pedantic John and adopts the literal (mutually gown) + footnote gowns worn / (mutually in the headline gentry) method in a certain extent, reveals the implicit in the "obligatory" is a word of cultural significance, so readers can also like Chinese readers comprehend the deep theme text.
第2个回答 2010-05-21
Conventional strategies
In fact, so-called translation is not impossible, some special linguistic phenomenon, though not transplanted into the target language, but at least they in the role of language can convey. According to the cultural factors can be processed by means of compensation.
Literal translation
So-called literal text, which not only keep the original style and beauty and maintain translation methods of form. For example "selling" for "policy", "foreign financial idea can be translated as" tiger ", "a paper tiger", "your head under the preserved as" from head to foot. And if she has the capacity of ChenYuLaYan BiYueXiuHua, "to" beauty country can sink fish, providing the goose fell down and hide the moon to herself and any 6 "because of the shame belongs to the scope of Chinese culture and English for nuclear not only won't cause of cultural communication obstacles, and retain the original informedness, vivid and vivid.
。
When a language exist in vocabulary or cultural concept in another language without corresponding ingredients, can appear the semantic gap or cultural vacuum. In this case, the original language and language differences between maximum, especially in English, the translator is directly from the perspective of semantic form or. At this time, transliteration or half is a more convenient, the method. For example, clear - radar, morphine - - humour morphine, humor, copy, copy - - Kungfu.
free
So-called free, just keep text content and not keep original style and form of translation methods. Such as "white" can be looked as "useless and burdensome thing", "a 62 cupboard is" in "tolajon malpuran lavu en la domo" and "philandering" for "look for" as to happen, "nephew lanterns - according to their old" for "act more exactly," let it be clear at a glance, if the person is this sentence literal translation is a lantern nephew "advertising - showing his uncle rationally for doing it for the strong" let people sea.
borrow
By borrowing is another word to the original language input to the language vocabulary directly. In our daily communication has many words are borrowed from the English, such as "Hi" Hello "" Ok" powerPoint "notification.thank notification.thank" and CEO, "etc.
alternative
Instead, the alternative is translated, mainly including vocabulary and expounds the innovation of translation. Innovation is the comprehensive utilization of vocabulary, translation, create new vocabulary means, for example, "do" Champaign "swallow tail." many special Chinese culture-loaded words often need water through the method can realize the substitute. Another example, "this is called" unforeseen circumstances, she is the man who knows solid muir is ruining in lu xun's blessing on typhoid () ". Is It a blue bolt save the country was strong, husband having guessed that nobody would like, a common site of typhoid fever die."
6 literal
This method can save the ethnic culture characteristics, and easy to understand. Such as: "bore b f is standing in the wine and alluring man... wear although gown, but dirty and break up, seems to have no washing..." "Kung growned - was how to please his standing its customer with a salt was dirty and gown, was tattered, as if it had not which has washed or mended operations (campaigns for over yan xianyi socio-semiotic)" in Chinese feudal gown "is rich in the upper class society, culture is the symbol of class. English "mutually gown" and "short coat" for English readers different clothes, not only the knowledge, and that will be "mutually with the gown" kong yiji any link of character. Pedantic John and adopts the literal (mutually gown) + footnote gowns worn / (mutually in the headline gentry) method in a certain extent, reveals the implicit in the "obligatory" is a word of cultural significance, so readers can also like Chinese readers comprehend the deep theme text.
O(∩_∩)O~
In fact, so-called translation is not impossible, some special linguistic phenomenon, though not transplanted into the target language, but at least they in the role of language can convey. According to the cultural factors can be processed by means of compensation.
Literal translation
So-called literal text, which not only keep the original style and beauty and maintain translation methods of form. For example "selling" for "policy", "foreign financial idea can be translated as" tiger ", "a paper tiger", "your head under the preserved as" from head to foot. And if she has the capacity of ChenYuLaYan BiYueXiuHua, "to" beauty country can sink fish, providing the goose fell down and hide the moon to herself and any 6 "because of the shame belongs to the scope of Chinese culture and English for nuclear not only won't cause of cultural communication obstacles, and retain the original informedness, vivid and vivid.
。
When a language exist in vocabulary or cultural concept in another language without corresponding ingredients, can appear the semantic gap or cultural vacuum. In this case, the original language and language differences between maximum, especially in English, the translator is directly from the perspective of semantic form or. At this time, transliteration or half is a more convenient, the method. For example, clear - radar, morphine - - humour morphine, humor, copy, copy - - Kungfu.
free
So-called free, just keep text content and not keep original style and form of translation methods. Such as "white" can be looked as "useless and burdensome thing", "a 62 cupboard is" in "tolajon malpuran lavu en la domo" and "philandering" for "look for" as to happen, "nephew lanterns - according to their old" for "act more exactly," let it be clear at a glance, if the person is this sentence literal translation is a lantern nephew "advertising - showing his uncle rationally for doing it for the strong" let people sea.
borrow
By borrowing is another word to the original language input to the language vocabulary directly. In our daily communication has many words are borrowed from the English, such as "Hi" Hello "" Ok" powerPoint "notification.thank notification.thank" and CEO, "etc.
alternative
Instead, the alternative is translated, mainly including vocabulary and expounds the innovation of translation. Innovation is the comprehensive utilization of vocabulary, translation, create new vocabulary means, for example, "do" Champaign "swallow tail." many special Chinese culture-loaded words often need water through the method can realize the substitute. Another example, "this is called" unforeseen circumstances, she is the man who knows solid muir is ruining in lu xun's blessing on typhoid () ". Is It a blue bolt save the country was strong, husband having guessed that nobody would like, a common site of typhoid fever die."
6 literal
This method can save the ethnic culture characteristics, and easy to understand. Such as: "bore b f is standing in the wine and alluring man... wear although gown, but dirty and break up, seems to have no washing..." "Kung growned - was how to please his standing its customer with a salt was dirty and gown, was tattered, as if it had not which has washed or mended operations (campaigns for over yan xianyi socio-semiotic)" in Chinese feudal gown "is rich in the upper class society, culture is the symbol of class. English "mutually gown" and "short coat" for English readers different clothes, not only the knowledge, and that will be "mutually with the gown" kong yiji any link of character. Pedantic John and adopts the literal (mutually gown) + footnote gowns worn / (mutually in the headline gentry) method in a certain extent, reveals the implicit in the "obligatory" is a word of cultural significance, so readers can also like Chinese readers comprehend the deep theme text.
O(∩_∩)O~
第3个回答 2010-05-21
Conventional strategies
In fact, so-called translation is not impossible, some special linguistic phenomenon, though not transplanted into the target language, but at least they in the role of language can convey. According to the cultural factors can be processed by means of compensation.
Literal translation
So-called literal text, which not only keep the original style and beauty and maintain translation methods of form. For example "selling" for "policy", "foreign financial idea can be translated as" tiger ", "a paper tiger", "your head under the preserved as" from head to foot. And if she has the capacity of ChenYuLaYan BiYueXiuHua, "to" beauty country can sink fish, providing the goose fell down and hide the moon to herself and any 6 "because of the shame belongs to the scope of Chinese culture and English for nuclear not only won't cause of cultural communication obstacles, and retain the original informedness, vivid and vivid.
,
When a language exist in vocabulary or cultural concept in another language without corresponding ingredients, can appear the semantic gap or cultural vacuum. In this case, the original language and language differences between maximum, especially in English, the translator is directly from the perspective of semantic form or. At this time, transliteration or half is a more convenient, the method. For example, clear - radar, morphine - - humour morphine, humor, copy, copy - - Kungfu.
free
So-called free, just keep text content and not keep original style and form of translation methods. Such as "white" can be looked as "useless and burdensome thing", "a 62 cupboard is" in "tolajon malpuran lavu en la domo" and "philandering" for "look for" as to happen, "nephew lanterns - according to their old" for "act more exactly," let it be clear at a glance, if the person is this sentence literal translation is a lantern nephew "advertising - showing his uncle rationally for doing it for the strong" let people sea.
borrow
By borrowing is another word to the original language input to the language vocabulary directly. In our daily communication has many words are borrowed from the English, such as "Hi" Hello "" Ok" powerPoint "notification.thank notification.thank" and CEO, "etc.
alternative
Instead, the alternative is translated, mainly including vocabulary and expounds the innovation of translation. Innovation is the comprehensive utilization of vocabulary, translation, create new vocabulary means, for example, "do" Champaign "swallow tail." many special Chinese culture-loaded words often need water through the method can realize the substitute. Another example, "this is called" unforeseen circumstances, she is the man who knows solid muir is ruining in lu xun's blessing on typhoid () ". Is It a blue bolt save the country was strong, husband having guessed that nobody would like, a common site of typhoid fever die."
6 literal
This method can save the ethnic culture characteristics, and easy to understand. Such as: "bore b f is standing in the wine and alluring man... wear although gown, but dirty and break up, seems to have no washing..." "Kung growned - was how to please his standing its customer with a salt was dirty and gown, was tattered, as if it had not which has washed or mended operations (campaigns for over yan xianyi socio-semiotic)" in Chinese feudal gown "is rich in the upper class society, culture is the symbol of class. English "mutually gown" and "short coat" for English readers different clothes, not only the knowledge, and that will be "mutually with the gown" kong yiji any link of character. Pedantic John and adopts the literal (mutually gown) + footnote gowns worn / (mutually in the headline gentry) method in a certain extent, reveals the implicit in the "obligatory" is a word of cultural significance, so readers can also like Chinese readers comprehend the deep theme text.
呃——————不知对不，弄了好久呢，所以就选我的吧 嘻嘻
In fact, so-called translation is not impossible, some special linguistic phenomenon, though not transplanted into the target language, but at least they in the role of language can convey. According to the cultural factors can be processed by means of compensation.
Literal translation
So-called literal text, which not only keep the original style and beauty and maintain translation methods of form. For example "selling" for "policy", "foreign financial idea can be translated as" tiger ", "a paper tiger", "your head under the preserved as" from head to foot. And if she has the capacity of ChenYuLaYan BiYueXiuHua, "to" beauty country can sink fish, providing the goose fell down and hide the moon to herself and any 6 "because of the shame belongs to the scope of Chinese culture and English for nuclear not only won't cause of cultural communication obstacles, and retain the original informedness, vivid and vivid.
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When a language exist in vocabulary or cultural concept in another language without corresponding ingredients, can appear the semantic gap or cultural vacuum. In this case, the original language and language differences between maximum, especially in English, the translator is directly from the perspective of semantic form or. At this time, transliteration or half is a more convenient, the method. For example, clear - radar, morphine - - humour morphine, humor, copy, copy - - Kungfu.
free
So-called free, just keep text content and not keep original style and form of translation methods. Such as "white" can be looked as "useless and burdensome thing", "a 62 cupboard is" in "tolajon malpuran lavu en la domo" and "philandering" for "look for" as to happen, "nephew lanterns - according to their old" for "act more exactly," let it be clear at a glance, if the person is this sentence literal translation is a lantern nephew "advertising - showing his uncle rationally for doing it for the strong" let people sea.
borrow
By borrowing is another word to the original language input to the language vocabulary directly. In our daily communication has many words are borrowed from the English, such as "Hi" Hello "" Ok" powerPoint "notification.thank notification.thank" and CEO, "etc.
alternative
Instead, the alternative is translated, mainly including vocabulary and expounds the innovation of translation. Innovation is the comprehensive utilization of vocabulary, translation, create new vocabulary means, for example, "do" Champaign "swallow tail." many special Chinese culture-loaded words often need water through the method can realize the substitute. Another example, "this is called" unforeseen circumstances, she is the man who knows solid muir is ruining in lu xun's blessing on typhoid () ". Is It a blue bolt save the country was strong, husband having guessed that nobody would like, a common site of typhoid fever die."
6 literal
This method can save the ethnic culture characteristics, and easy to understand. Such as: "bore b f is standing in the wine and alluring man... wear although gown, but dirty and break up, seems to have no washing..." "Kung growned - was how to please his standing its customer with a salt was dirty and gown, was tattered, as if it had not which has washed or mended operations (campaigns for over yan xianyi socio-semiotic)" in Chinese feudal gown "is rich in the upper class society, culture is the symbol of class. English "mutually gown" and "short coat" for English readers different clothes, not only the knowledge, and that will be "mutually with the gown" kong yiji any link of character. Pedantic John and adopts the literal (mutually gown) + footnote gowns worn / (mutually in the headline gentry) method in a certain extent, reveals the implicit in the "obligatory" is a word of cultural significance, so readers can also like Chinese readers comprehend the deep theme text.
呃——————不知对不，弄了好久呢，所以就选我的吧 嘻嘻
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