各位帮帮忙，翻译一下这篇文章，有高手的，希望高手本人帮我翻一下
3.3重视非语言交际能力的培养
非语言交际也是一种重要的交际方式，指的是在特定的情景或语境中使用非语言行为交流和理解信息的过程，它们不是真正的语言单位，但在生活和交际中有时候却能表达出比语言更强烈的含义，一些特定的非语言行为往往代表着特定的含义，在跨文化交际中必须加以重视。中西文化背景下的非语言文化内涵差异非常大。例如，中国人信奉“沉默是金”，认为沉默里含有丰富的信息，甚至“此时无声胜有声”，而英语国家的人对此颇感不舒服。西方人交谈时，听者一般都会长时间注视对方的眼神，以示听者的认真和对说话者的尊重，但是在中国人看来，这是一种不礼貌的行为，因为中国人不习惯于对方长时间地盯着自己看。
3.4引导学生广泛接触西方文化材料
在大学里，英语教学的课时非常有限，但学生在课余有充分的可支配时间，因此不能仅仅依靠教师在课堂上的教学来培养跨文化交际能力，教师要引导学生利用课外时间广泛阅读西方英语文学作品、报刊杂志和时事评论等材料，从中吸取文化知识，增加文化素养，拓宽西方文化视野，提高跨文化交际能力。另外，有外教的学校还应充分发挥外教在西方文化传播中的作用，他们是活的文化教材，让学生直接与外教交流，听外教做报告或讲课，其言传身教会对学生起到一种潜移默化的作用。
【参考文献】
[1]许果、梅林，文化差异与跨文化交际能力的培养。《重庆大学学报》(社科版)，2002年第8卷第6期，121-123
[2]顾江禾，东西方文化对比小议。《太原重型机械学院学报》，2001年第22卷第4期，279-282
[3]华厚坤，试论跨文化语境下的大学英语教学。《黑龙江高教研究》，2003年第6期，153-154
[4]吴锋针，中西习俗文化“冲突”。《绥化师专学报》，2003年第1期，90-92
[5]程晓莉，英语跨文化交际教学的思考。《安徽农业大学学报》(社会科学版)，2003年第5期，105-107
3.3 importance of non-verbal communication capability training
Non-verbal communication is also an important means of communication, referring to a specific scene in the Context of the use or non-verbal conduct information exchange and understanding of the process, they are not really the language units, but in life and sometimes able to express in Communication Language more strongly than the meaning of certain non-verbal behavior often represents the specific meaning in cross-cultural communication must attention. Cultural context of the non-linguistic and cultural connotation of a very large difference. For example, Chinese people believe in "silence is golden", in the silence that are rich in information, or even "silent-time audio," the English-speaking countries and the people are quite uncomfortable. When talking to Westerners, the listener will normally be a long time watching each other's eyes, to show the serious listener and the speaker of respect, but in China people are concerned, this is a bad manners, because the Chinese do not accustomed to Stare at each other a long time to do their own.
3.4 guide the students to extensive contacts with Western culture materials
At the university, the teaching of English class is very limited, but in after-school students have sufficient disposable time and therefore can not rely solely on teachers in the classroom teaching to develop cross-cultural communication ability, teachers must guide the students to use extra-curricular time reading western English Literature, newspapers, magazines, and comment on current affairs and other materials, from which lessons and cultural knowledge, to increase culture and Western culture to broaden horizons and improve cross-cultural communication ability. In addition, foreign instructors in schools should also give full play to foreign instructors in the spread of Western culture, they are living culture teaching materials to enable students to directly exchange with foreign instructors, listening to foreign instructors do reports or lectures, Yanzhuanshenjiao students will serve as a subtle influence Role.
[References]
[1]-fruit, Merlin, cultural differences and the ability to cross-cultural communication training. "Chongqing University Journal" (Social Science), 2002 vol. 8 No. 6 ,121-123
[2] Gujiang Wo, East and West compared to you and small. "Journal of Taiyuan Heavy Machinery Institute", 2001 Volume 22 No. 4 ,279-282
[3], thick-kun, cross-cultural context of the college English teaching. "Heilongjiang Higher Education Research", in 2003 the first 6 ,153-154
[4] Wu Feng-pin, Chinese and Western cultural practices, "the conflict." "Journal of Suihua Teachers College," 2003 No. 1, 90-92
[5] Cheng Xiaoli, cross-cultural communication in English teaching thinking. "Anhui Agricultural University Journal" (Social Sciences), 2003 No. 5 ,105-107
Non-verbal communication is also an important means of communication, referring to a specific scene in the Context of the use or non-verbal conduct information exchange and understanding of the process, they are not really the language units, but in life and sometimes able to express in Communication Language more strongly than the meaning of certain non-verbal behavior often represents the specific meaning in cross-cultural communication must attention. Cultural context of the non-linguistic and cultural connotation of a very large difference. For example, Chinese people believe in "silence is golden", in the silence that are rich in information, or even "silent-time audio," the English-speaking countries and the people are quite uncomfortable. When talking to Westerners, the listener will normally be a long time watching each other's eyes, to show the serious listener and the speaker of respect, but in China people are concerned, this is a bad manners, because the Chinese do not accustomed to Stare at each other a long time to do their own.
3.4 guide the students to extensive contacts with Western culture materials
At the university, the teaching of English class is very limited, but in after-school students have sufficient disposable time and therefore can not rely solely on teachers in the classroom teaching to develop cross-cultural communication ability, teachers must guide the students to use extra-curricular time reading western English Literature, newspapers, magazines, and comment on current affairs and other materials, from which lessons and cultural knowledge, to increase culture and Western culture to broaden horizons and improve cross-cultural communication ability. In addition, foreign instructors in schools should also give full play to foreign instructors in the spread of Western culture, they are living culture teaching materials to enable students to directly exchange with foreign instructors, listening to foreign instructors do reports or lectures, Yanzhuanshenjiao students will serve as a subtle influence Role.
[References]
[1]-fruit, Merlin, cultural differences and the ability to cross-cultural communication training. "Chongqing University Journal" (Social Science), 2002 vol. 8 No. 6 ,121-123
[2] Gujiang Wo, East and West compared to you and small. "Journal of Taiyuan Heavy Machinery Institute", 2001 Volume 22 No. 4 ,279-282
[3], thick-kun, cross-cultural context of the college English teaching. "Heilongjiang Higher Education Research", in 2003 the first 6 ,153-154
[4] Wu Feng-pin, Chinese and Western cultural practices, "the conflict." "Journal of Suihua Teachers College," 2003 No. 1, 90-92
[5] Cheng Xiaoli, cross-cultural communication in English teaching thinking. "Anhui Agricultural University Journal" (Social Sciences), 2003 No. 5 ,105-107
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第1个回答 2008-05-20
3.3 importance of non-verbal communication capability training
Non-verbal communication is also an important means of communication, referring to a specific scene in the Context of the use or non-verbal conduct information exchange and understanding of the process, they are not really the language units, but in life and sometimes able to express in Communication Language more strongly than the meaning of certain non-verbal behavior often represents the specific meaning in cross-cultural communication must attention. Cultural context of the non-linguistic and cultural connotation of a very large difference. For example, Chinese people believe in "silence is golden", in the silence that are rich in information, or even "silent-time audio," the English-speaking countries and the people are quite uncomfortable. When talking to Westerners, the listener will normally be a long time watching each other's eyes, to show the serious listener and the speaker of respect, but in China people are concerned, this is a bad manners, because the Chinese do not accustomed to Stare at each other a long time to do their own.
3.4 guide the students to extensive contacts with Western culture materials
At the university, the teaching of English class is very limited, but in after-school students have sufficient disposable time and therefore can not rely solely on teachers in the classroom teaching to develop cross-cultural communication ability, teachers must guide the students to use extra-curricular time reading western English Literature, newspapers, magazines, and comment on current affairs and other materials, from which lessons and cultural knowledge, to increase culture and Western culture to broaden horizons and improve cross-cultural communication ability. In addition, foreign instructors in schools should also give full play to foreign instructors in the spread of Western culture, they are living culture teaching materials to enable students to directly exchange with foreign instructors, listening to foreign instructors do reports or lectures, Yanzhuanshenjiao students will serve as a subtle influence Role.
[References]
[1]-fruit, Merlin, cultural differences and the ability to cross-cultural communication training. "Chongqing University Journal" (Social Science), 2002 vol. 8 No. 6 ,121-123
[2] Gujiang Wo, East and West compared to you and small. "Journal of Taiyuan Heavy Machinery Institute", 2001 Volume 22 No. 4 ,279-282
[3], thick-kun, cross-cultural context of the college English teaching. "Heilongjiang Higher Education Research", in 2003 the first 6 ,153-154
[4] Wu Feng-pin, Chinese and Western cultural practices, "the conflict." "Journal of Suihua Teachers College," 2003 No. 1, 90-92
[5] Cheng Xiaoli, cross-cultural communication in English teaching thinking. "Anhui Agricultural University Journal" (Social Sciences), 2003 No. 5 ,105-107
Non-verbal communication is also an important means of communication, referring to a specific scene in the Context of the use or non-verbal conduct information exchange and understanding of the process, they are not really the language units, but in life and sometimes able to express in Communication Language more strongly than the meaning of certain non-verbal behavior often represents the specific meaning in cross-cultural communication must attention. Cultural context of the non-linguistic and cultural connotation of a very large difference. For example, Chinese people believe in "silence is golden", in the silence that are rich in information, or even "silent-time audio," the English-speaking countries and the people are quite uncomfortable. When talking to Westerners, the listener will normally be a long time watching each other's eyes, to show the serious listener and the speaker of respect, but in China people are concerned, this is a bad manners, because the Chinese do not accustomed to Stare at each other a long time to do their own.
3.4 guide the students to extensive contacts with Western culture materials
At the university, the teaching of English class is very limited, but in after-school students have sufficient disposable time and therefore can not rely solely on teachers in the classroom teaching to develop cross-cultural communication ability, teachers must guide the students to use extra-curricular time reading western English Literature, newspapers, magazines, and comment on current affairs and other materials, from which lessons and cultural knowledge, to increase culture and Western culture to broaden horizons and improve cross-cultural communication ability. In addition, foreign instructors in schools should also give full play to foreign instructors in the spread of Western culture, they are living culture teaching materials to enable students to directly exchange with foreign instructors, listening to foreign instructors do reports or lectures, Yanzhuanshenjiao students will serve as a subtle influence Role.
[References]
[1]-fruit, Merlin, cultural differences and the ability to cross-cultural communication training. "Chongqing University Journal" (Social Science), 2002 vol. 8 No. 6 ,121-123
[2] Gujiang Wo, East and West compared to you and small. "Journal of Taiyuan Heavy Machinery Institute", 2001 Volume 22 No. 4 ,279-282
[3], thick-kun, cross-cultural context of the college English teaching. "Heilongjiang Higher Education Research", in 2003 the first 6 ,153-154
[4] Wu Feng-pin, Chinese and Western cultural practices, "the conflict." "Journal of Suihua Teachers College," 2003 No. 1, 90-92
[5] Cheng Xiaoli, cross-cultural communication in English teaching thinking. "Anhui Agricultural University Journal" (Social Sciences), 2003 No. 5 ,105-107
第2个回答 2008-05-20
2. The phenomenon of conflicts caused by cultural reasons Inquiry
The conflict of East and West in a variety of reasons, the study of its fundamental, it is because the two sides have different Chinese and Western cultures, different historical backgrounds, will inevitably bring about people's thinking, behavior, and many other differences and even conflicts, we have to Below What are the specific look at the main reason.
2.1 mode of thinking there are differences
Culture to the outside things affect people's views and understanding of different countries, different cultures, in the thinking pattern of inevitable differences, in this point between East and West was particularly obvious. Western culture-oriented mode of thinking and logical analysis, and the oriental culture mode of thinking show intuitive integrity, which is also China's traditional culture features of thinking. Because of this the impact of traditional culture, Chinese people are often special attention to intuition, pay attention to the process of understanding the experience and feeling, often in association with such experience and feeling, "to have Ren." And the mode of thinking compared to Westerners, Chinese people's way of thinking is obvious that the general and ambiguous, the course of time, will form a fixed pattern of thinking, can be interpreted as recognition of the outside things and simplify the classification process of perception. In essence, fixed pattern of thinking is often neglected the individual differences of things, exaggerated and the other a social group-related cognitive approach, often with emotional and with a fixed creed. In all of the set, some set is correct, while others are wrong and will have a direct impact on cross-cultural communication, resulting in communication failures.
2.2 of the code of conduct is not the same
A code of conduct for the specific meaning that is commonly accepted by the community's moral standards and codes of conduct, simple, it is to tell people what to do and not do the norm. People from different cultural backgrounds in communication, often of a phenomenon that is the host community to apply their own code of conduct to determine the reasonableness of the other acts, as the code of conduct for both sides there are differences, often misleading, offensive or even worse results. For example, the Chinese people pat his head that a child friendly, and in Western countries, this is a great lack of respect for the children, parents are very angry. So in a cross-cultural communication is able to correctly identify and apply a code of conduct is to ensure the smooth progress of cross-cultural communication of important factors. To ensure the smooth cross-cultural communication, we must understand each other's code of conduct, in particular, what conduct is prohibited, the best way is to follow the principle of do as the Romans do.
2.3 different values
People's interpersonal skills in the process of social product of an inevitable and values together. Every culture has its own unique system of values, this system can help people distinguish between Meiyu Chou, good and evil, this is the people's Life philosophy, ethical standards and code of conduct. But it can not be divorced from specific cultural existence, every culture is different from the standard of judgement, such a culture that is good, another culture may think that bad, but they are in their own cultural system has its existence Is reasonable, should not be interpreted as a standard advanced and the other values behind. To Chinese and Western cultures as an example, in Chinese culture, people respected that modest ceremony, the pursuit of Suiyueran, and do not like Zhengjianghaosheng, while the social atmosphere is often blocked too prominent individuals, are so-called "line above all, the people will not." In Chinese culture, the collective orientation of the dominant position, the pursuit of personal development was seen as a serious individualism, will be condemned. And advocating Western culture is very individualistic, "Suiyueran" be seen as a lack of entrepreneurial spirit of the performance, are lazy, incompetent synonymous, for society and individuals are not admitted. Who based their thinking is rooted in the hearts of the people advocating independent thinking and independent judgement, relying on its own ability to achieve personal interests, and that personal interests supreme.
The conflict of East and West in a variety of reasons, the study of its fundamental, it is because the two sides have different Chinese and Western cultures, different historical backgrounds, will inevitably bring about people's thinking, behavior, and many other differences and even conflicts, we have to Below What are the specific look at the main reason.
2.1 mode of thinking there are differences
Culture to the outside things affect people's views and understanding of different countries, different cultures, in the thinking pattern of inevitable differences, in this point between East and West was particularly obvious. Western culture-oriented mode of thinking and logical analysis, and the oriental culture mode of thinking show intuitive integrity, which is also China's traditional culture features of thinking. Because of this the impact of traditional culture, Chinese people are often special attention to intuition, pay attention to the process of understanding the experience and feeling, often in association with such experience and feeling, "to have Ren." And the mode of thinking compared to Westerners, Chinese people's way of thinking is obvious that the general and ambiguous, the course of time, will form a fixed pattern of thinking, can be interpreted as recognition of the outside things and simplify the classification process of perception. In essence, fixed pattern of thinking is often neglected the individual differences of things, exaggerated and the other a social group-related cognitive approach, often with emotional and with a fixed creed. In all of the set, some set is correct, while others are wrong and will have a direct impact on cross-cultural communication, resulting in communication failures.
2.2 of the code of conduct is not the same
A code of conduct for the specific meaning that is commonly accepted by the community's moral standards and codes of conduct, simple, it is to tell people what to do and not do the norm. People from different cultural backgrounds in communication, often of a phenomenon that is the host community to apply their own code of conduct to determine the reasonableness of the other acts, as the code of conduct for both sides there are differences, often misleading, offensive or even worse results. For example, the Chinese people pat his head that a child friendly, and in Western countries, this is a great lack of respect for the children, parents are very angry. So in a cross-cultural communication is able to correctly identify and apply a code of conduct is to ensure the smooth progress of cross-cultural communication of important factors. To ensure the smooth cross-cultural communication, we must understand each other's code of conduct, in particular, what conduct is prohibited, the best way is to follow the principle of do as the Romans do.
2.3 different values
People's interpersonal skills in the process of social product of an inevitable and values together. Every culture has its own unique system of values, this system can help people distinguish between Meiyu Chou, good and evil, this is the people's Life philosophy, ethical standards and code of conduct. But it can not be divorced from specific cultural existence, every culture is different from the standard of judgement, such a culture that is good, another culture may think that bad, but they are in their own cultural system has its existence Is reasonable, should not be interpreted as a standard advanced and the other values behind. To Chinese and Western cultures as an example, in Chinese culture, people respected that modest ceremony, the pursuit of Suiyueran, and do not like Zhengjianghaosheng, while the social atmosphere is often blocked too prominent individuals, are so-called "line above all, the people will not." In Chinese culture, the collective orientation of the dominant position, the pursuit of personal development was seen as a serious individualism, will be condemned. And advocating Western culture is very individualistic, "Suiyueran" be seen as a lack of entrepreneurial spirit of the performance, are lazy, incompetent synonymous, for society and individuals are not admitted. Who based their thinking is rooted in the hearts of the people advocating independent thinking and independent judgement, relying on its own ability to achieve personal interests, and that personal interests supreme.
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