用英语写一篇关于液压的文章超过300字

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Construction machinery has developed rapidly in recent years, the stock of rapid growth. Large construction machinery market, the current localization rate is not high, mainly rely on imports and foreign enterprises in China, import substitution space is huge. Miniaturization, miniaturization is the trend of development, product life is the main gap between domestic and foreign products, surface treatment technology and materials are the key points to improve the service life of the product. Construction machinery is the largest user of hydraulic products, accounting for 42.3% of the sales of the industry, the construction machinery market is huge.
Mechanical transmission and hydraulic mechanical transmission (except for hydraulic excavator) are the main methods used in construction machinery. Now, the transmission mode of hydraulic and electric power transmission also appears in the engineering machinery walking drive device, fully indicates that the development of science and technology in this field is a huge impetus to the role of.
Compared with the pure mechanical and hydraulic transmission, hydraulic transmission of the main advantages is the regulation of convenience and layout flexibility, according to the needs of the morphology and the mechanical engineering conditions, the engine, a driving wheel, a working mechanism of each component is respectively arranged in the reasonable parts, engine work in scheduling any speed, transmission system can play a greater traction and transmission system in a wide range of output speed can still maintain a high efficiency, and easy access to a variety of optimization of power transmission characteristics to adapt to the load state of the various operations.
With the combination of electronic technology and hydraulic technology, it can be very easy to achieve a variety of hydraulic system of regulation and control. The introduction of computer control and the application of all kinds of sensors, but also greatly expanded the scope of the work of hydraulic components. Through the sensor to monitor the engineering vehicle state parameters, through the computer output control target instruction, the vehicle automatic control is achieved in the whole operating range, machine of the fuel economy, power and productivity of reached optimum value. Therefore, the use of hydraulic transmission can make the construction machinery easy to realize intelligent, energy saving and environmental protection, and this has become the current and future development trend of construction machinery.
Due to the development of modern science and technology, electronic technology in the signal processing ability and speed of occupy a great advantage. And the hydraulic and electric drive in their respective power components in terms of the characteristics of their own strengths. Therefore, in addition to the now ubiquitous "electronic nerve and hydraulic muscle" of this model, both in terms of power flow transmission composite also many successful examples, such as: composed of conversion or DC motor speed control and high efficiency and low ripple quantitative hydraulic pump variable flow hydraulic oil source, with the installation of the integrated electric pump hydraulic cylinder or low speed high torque hydraulic motor which is the electric hydraulic execution unit, and a hybrid industrial vehicle drive system.

　工程机械近年来发展迅猛，存量迅速增长。庞大的工程机械主机配套市场，目前国产化率不高，主要依赖进口及在华外资企业，进口替代空间巨大。小型化、微型化是发展趋势、产品寿命是国内外产品的主要差距、表面处理工艺和材料是提高产品使用寿命关键点。工程机械是液压产品的最大用户，占行业销售的42.3%，为工程机械配套市场巨大。
　　工程机械行走系统最初主要采用机械传动和液力机械传动(全液压挖掘机除外)方式。现在，液压和电力传动的传动方式也出现在工程机械行走驱动装置中，充分表明了科学技术发展对这一领域的巨大推动作用。
　　与纯机械和液力传动相比，液压传动的主要优点是其调节的便捷性和布局的灵活性，可根据工程机械的形态和工况的需要，把发动机、驱动轮、工作机构等各部件分别布置在合理的部位，发动机在任一调度转速下工作，传动系统都能发挥出较大的牵引力，而且传动系统在很宽的输出转速范围内仍能保持较高的效率，并能方便地获得各种优化的动力传动特性，以适应各种作业的负荷状态。
　　借助电子技术与液压技术的结合，可以很方便地实现对液压系统的各种调节和控制。而计算机控制的引入和各类传感元件的应用，更极大地扩展了液压元件的工作范围。通过传感器监测工程车辆各种状态参数，经过计算机运算输出控制目标指令，使车辆在整个工作范围内实现自动化控制，机器的燃料经济性、动力性、作业生产率均达到最佳值。因此，采用液压传动可使工程机械易于实现智能化、节能化和环保化，而这已成为当前和未来工程机械的发展趋势。
　　由于现代技术的发展，电子技术在信号处理的能力和速度方面占有很大的优势，而液压与电力传动在各自功率元件的特性方面各有所长。因此，除了现在已普遍存在的“电子神经+液压肌肉”这种模式外，两者在功率流的复合传输方面也有许多成功的实例，如:由变频或直流调速电机和高效、低脉动的定量液压泵构成的可变流量液压油源，用集成安装的电动泵-液压缸或低速大扭矩液压马达构成的电动液压执行单元，以及混合动力工业车辆的驱动系统等。

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