关于英语的逗号

Hello ,everybody!
I like apples,but I dont like banbanas.
For girls, we have skirts.
Last night,I read a book.
逗号用的都对不对，有没有可以加也可不加的

这样就对了：
Hello everybody!
I like applesbut I dont like banbanas.
For girls, we have skirts.
Last night I read a book.
英语中常见的逗号用法

用在由并列连词连接的两个平行词句之间，连词可说出，也可省略：

1．a．用在平行的词之间：

A good house，a good car，a good wife are what he wants． [名词并列，主语]（noun,compound-subject）

I can read light，serious，amusing，or profound works of English authors． [形容词并列，修饰宾语]（adjective,objective）

Do you see that tall，big，husky fellow？ [形容词并列，修饰宾语]（adjective,objective）

Butterflies flew before，behind and above the huts． [介词，构成状语]（preposition,adverbial）

He is honest，but silly．[形容词并列，表语]（adjective,predicative）

I like this，rather than that．[名词+并列同置]（noun,apposition,object）

但：He is an English grammar teacher．It is a diamond wedding party．It is a Chinese New Year celebration．

b．注意写法：

Music，painting，and poetry are all interesting to him．（美国英语中and前多加逗号）

Music，painting and poetry are…．（正确，英国多这样写。）

Music，painting，and poetry，are…．（不好）

c．逗号可由and，or，nor代替：

Music and painting and poetry are…

Neither music nor painting nor poetry is…

d．逗号须用在etc．，and so on，and the like的前面和后面：

Music，painting，poetry，etc．（or and so on，and the like），are…．

e．逗号须用在重复的词前：

What I need is money，money，money．

Long，Long ago and far，far，far away there was a king．

2．用在平行的短语之间：

You can meet him at church，at school，or on the street．

I went to talk with him，to return the book，but not to see his sister．

Reading English．speaking it，and writing it are different processes．

3．用在并列的分句之间：

He has learned Japanese for years，but he does not know it．

He must come back as soon as possible，or I cannot wait．

He was tired，so he took a rest．

He is very ill，so he does not go to school．

He seems to be very ill，for he looks so pale．

但由but，and，or连接的简短分句之间可以不加逗号：

He is silly but his sister is clever．

John studies art and I study science．

4．用在由or，and或but连接的两对知识之间：

You can go by night or by day，by sea or by land．

He is honest but clever，thin but hard-working．

5．如果两个相似结构共有一个宾语，逗号须要用在第二个结构的前面和后面：

He depends on，and is trusted by，his uncle．

He did it in accordance with，and in defence of，the law．

She is fond of，but seems poor in，her homework．

He loves，or pretends to love，his wife．

—但在一个短的不强调的词前后不加逗号：

He was murdered inside or near the jungle．

6．用在插入词的前面和（或）后面：

a．用在yes，no，sure，personally，probably，certainly， usually；in general，in the first place，in my opinion，in any case，as a matter of fact；strictly speaking

这类修饰语的后面 ：

Unfortunately，Mary caught cold yesterday．

Inevitably，he will be sent to prison．

On the whole，he is a nice fellow．

Generally speaking，New York is a nice place．

—用在句子修饰语的前面和后面：

Tom，in the first place，must respect his parents．

Jimmy，I must say，shouldn't listen to the rumour．

b．用在furthermore，similarly，accordingly，anyway， otherwise；above all，in the same way，in other words，in contrast这类连接副词（短语）的后面：

He lost lots of money；as a result，he got sick．

He is sick；therefore，he must rest．

I do everything；in addition，I must not complain．

Liza is noisy；Tim，by comparison，is quiet．

I am too busy；Bill，on the other hand，fools about．

7．a．用在句子开头的分词（短语）之后：

Seeing the police，the thief began to run away．

用在句子开头的不定式（短语）之后：

To earn more money，the boy worked harder．

b．用在松松地插在主语后面的短语的前面和后面：

The thief，seeing the police，began to run away．

Plants，with enough water and sunshine，will grow fast．

The boy，to earn more money，worked harder．

但是：The thief seeing the police began to run away．

（还有其他没看见警察的小偷，这里的分词短语为限制性定语，而前面句子中，逗号后的分词短语为非限制性（或解释性）分词，带状语性质。）

The house on the opposite side is my uncle's．

The boy to earn more money worked harder．（There were other boys who did not have to earn more．）

c．用在句末的非限制性（解释性）分词（带状语性质）前面：

He sat in a chair，reading papers．

但在句末的不定式前不宜用逗号：

He sat down to read papers．

8．用在呼语的后面或（和）前面：

John，come here．

Come here，John．

What，John，are you doing？

9．用在句子开头的副词短语后（也可不用）：

At eight（，） he goes to the office．

Thanks to his help（，）I got a good job．

但句子末尾的副词（短语）前不宜用：

He goes to the office at eight．

I got a good job through his help．

10．用在主句与从句之间：

用在一个非限制性定语从句（相当于一个并列分句）前：

I asked a boy，who（=and he）kept silent．

He went to France，where（=and there）he planned to see her．

但：I asked the boy who kept silent．（There were other boys who did not keep silent．这里的定语从句是限制性的。）

He went to the city where he planned to live a year or two．

11．用在引话动词（如said，replied）及直接引语之间：

He said，“You are wrong．”

—用在引话动词和半直接引语（不带引号，第一个字母大写）之间：

He replied，She was wrong．

—用在插在直接引语中间的he said这类词句的前面和后面：

“In the morning，”he said，“I don't feel well．”

—在引话动词和由that引起的间接引语之间不用逗号：

He thought that she was wrong．

—引话动词及由疑问词引起的间接引语之间也不用逗号：

He knows what she said．

It may be asked whether anyone could stand the insult．

12．a．用在状语从句之后，主句之前：

If you are careful，you will make fewer mistakes．

Since he is ill，he cannot work．

When it was raining，he came to me．

b．若主句在前，状语从句在后，主、从句之间一般不加逗号：

You will make fewer mistakes if you are careful．

I love her just because she looks pretty．

He works hard so that he may succeed．

John speaks Chinese better than Lee speaks English．

但是：You will make fewer and fewer mistakes in your composition，if you are careful enough．（如果主句较长，主句后可以加逗号。）

I will ，if I can．（如果状语从句需要强调，前面也可以加逗号。）

He will come，only when he needs your help．

13．用在较长的主语和它的谓语之间：

That the city had been lost to the enemy，was true．

Studying every evening after the office hours for the past ten years，enabled him to know French and German．

14．用在同位语前面：

用在一个专有名词和它的普通名词同位语之间：

John，my brother；William Shakespeare，the greatest poet of England；London，the capital of England．

但在一般名词和特别名词之间不宜加逗号：

the word“flame”，the year 1942，the historian Herodotus 〔但a great historian，Herodotus〕，my brother John，our greatest poet William Shakespeare，William Shakespeare's tragedy Hamlet，the question “to be or not to be”，the idea that man is mortal

在下面这类名称中也不加逗号：

Alexander the Great，John the Baptist，Richard the Lion－ hearted，Henry the Fifth

不过，在人名后的尊称或学术头衔前可加逗号：Mr． John Lee，Senior；Mr．John Lee，Ph．D．

15．用在较小部分和较大部分之间：

—用在街名、房间或公寓号码，城镇名、州名及国名之间（但门牌和街名之间不用）：

138 Liberty Street，Room 408，Fresno，California， USA

—用在日期中（但月份和日期之间不用）：

Sunday，July6，1960．

—用在数字中：

6742856135（=six billion…two million…six thousand…）

654321（4=4 thousand）（但在654321这个数字中，4=4）

—用来代替of：

President Do，Far East University

16．用在某些词后，表示停顿，以防止误解：

Outside，the streets are wet．

Such boys as you，are not to be found elsewhere．

He is eating，mummy．

Ever since，he has been very ill．

Whoever wished to escape，escaped into the jungle．

17．和分号一道表示某些重复的词已被省略：

John has one；Mary， two．

但：John has one，Mary two．

Reading makes a full man；conference，a ready man．但：Reading makes a full man，conference a ready man．Egyptians give us agriculture；Romans，law．

My father takes care of John；my mother，Mary．

Painters express their feeling by forms and colours；musicians，by sounds；poets，by words．

18．用在句子中倒装部分（提前的部分）的后面：

That man，I have known for many years．

The war is over，I am glad to say．

It is vicious，that dog of yours．

John is a young man，honest，kind and intelligent．

19．用在右上角自己的地址及日期中：

645 Beal Street，

New York，NY 11109．

February16．1970．

用在左上方收信人的地址中：

Mr．James Read，

68 St．James Road，

Hongkong．

用在称呼语中：

Dear Sirs，（或不加标点）（英式）

Gentlemen：（正式）Dear John，（非正式）（美式）用在结尾的客套语中：

Sincerely yours，（或Faithfully yours，[美国很少这样说]）David White．

注：在双方地址中每行末尾的逗号或句号均可省略。
晓篱 敬上

参考资料：http://hi.baidu.com/hcbg/blog/item/a7aaa429a224fdea98250aff.html

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