元旦的来历（英文对照版）

如题所述

元旦在我国汉语中是一个合成词，元是开始或第一的意思。旦是一个象形字，表示太阳从地平线上升起。我国殷商时代的青铜器上有旦的象形字了。 每年公历的1月1日，人们称它为“元旦”，原来在汉语里，“元”是开始，也就是第一;“旦”是一天或早晨的意思，两字合称就是指新年的第一天了。

但这从一开始就并不是固定的。 元旦节的来历 在历法上，人们习惯称地球绕太阳转1周为1年。但是由于地球绕太阳运转没有固定的起点和终点，所以一年的起点和终点都是人为规定的，这就造成了各种历法的不一致。相传“元旦”一词来自我国最早的皇帝之一——颛顼，他规定以农历正月为“元”，初一为“旦”。

后来有的朝代对元旦的日期有所变更，但原则上还是以每年的第一天为元旦，如夏代以正月初一为元旦，但商代以12月初一为元旦，而周代又以11月初一为元旦，秦代以10月初一为元旦。直到西汉武帝时，大历史学家司马迁等人重新制定历法，并规定每年正月初一为元旦，从此历代不改。

 1911年辛亥革命成功后，决定采用国际通行的公历，于是将农历元旦改为“春节”，而把公历的1月1日称为元旦。新中国成立之时，开始正式使用“公元纪年法”，把每年公历的1月1日定为元旦。 现在，世界上大多数国家把每年1月1日作为元旦，因为他们多采用了国际通行的公历。但也有一些国家和民族由于本地的历法传统及宗教信仰、风俗习惯、季节气候的不同，因而他们的元旦日期也不一样，这也使得这个世界多姿多彩，更显民族的特色了。 

元旦是全世界人民传统的新年。元旦，就是一年的头一天。元旦是合成词，拆开来讲，元是第一或开始的意思，旦字的原意是一轮红日从地面升起。 在中国，元旦这一名称，都说起自传说中三皇五帝之一的颛顼，他以农历正月为元，初一为旦。

据《史记》载：夏代以正月初一为元旦;周代以十一月初一为元旦;秦以十月初一为元旦。辛亥革命后，我国把正月初一称作春节，公历1月1日叫新年，不称元旦。直到1949年9月27日，中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议通过使用公元纪年法，才又将公历1月1日正式定为元旦，农历正月初一定为春节。

 阴历的祖先埃及历，把天狼星和太阳一同升起的那天作为元旦;阿富汗把春分作为元旦;犹太人把秋分作为元旦;而寒带的爱斯基摩人的元旦是不固定的，他们把第一次下雨作为元旦。公元前46年，罗马皇帝儒略·凯撒制定儒略历，开始时他把冬至作为元旦。但是，人们坚持要把朔日作为元旦，因此就把元旦延到冬至后10天。

They recorded this time on bamboo poles each time, and learned that the two flooding times were separated by about 365 days. At the same time, it was also discovered that when the rising tide of the Nile came near the city of Cairo today, it was also the time when the sun and Sirius rose from the horizon at the same time.

 As a result, the ancient Egyptians set this day as the beginning of the year. This is the earliest origin of New Year's Day.

New Year's Day is a compound word in Chinese, and Yuan is the beginning or the first meaning. But it is a pictograph that shows that the sun rises from the horizon.

 There are Dan's pictographs on the bronze wares of the Shang Dynasty in China. On January 1 of the Gregorian calendar every year, people call it "New Year's Day." In Chinese, "Yuan" is the beginning, that is, the first; "Dan" means a day or morning, and the word means the first day of the New Year.

But it wasn't fixed from the start. The origin of New Year's Day is in the calendar. People are used to saying that the earth rotates around the sun for 1 week.

 However, because there is no fixed starting point and ending point for the earth to orbit the sun, the starting point and ending point of the year are man-made, which causes inconsistencies in various calendars. According to legend, the word "New Year's Day" comes from one of the earliest emperors in our country-Yi. He stipulated that the first month of the lunar calendar is "Yuan" and the first day is "Dan".

Later, some dynasties changed the date of the New Year's Day, but in principle, the first day of each year was the New Year's Day. For example, the Xia Dynasty used the first day of the first month as the New Year's Day, but the Shang Dynasty used the first day of December as the New Year's Day, and the Zhou Dynasty used the first day of November as the New Year's Day. 

The Qin Dynasty used the first day of October as the New Year's Day. Until the time of Emperor Han of the Western Han Dynasty, the great historian Sima Qian and others redefined the calendar and stipulated that the first day of the first month of each year was New Year's Day.

After the successful Revolution of 1911 in 1911, it was decided to adopt the internationally accepted Gregorian calendar, so the Lunar New Year's Day was changed to the "Spring Festival" and the January 1st of the Gregorian calendar was called New Year's Day. When New China was founded, it began to formally use the "Year of the Year Act" and set January 1 of the Gregorian calendar as New Year's Day. 

Nowadays, most countries in the world regard January 1 as New Year's Day because they have adopted the internationally accepted Gregorian calendar. However, there are also some countries and ethnic groups whose New Year's Day dates are not the same because of their local calendar traditions, religious beliefs, customs, and seasonal climate. This also makes the world colorful and shows the characteristics of the nation.

New Year's Day is a traditional New Year for people all over the world. New Year's Day is the first day of the year. New Year's Day is a compound word. In terms of opening, Yuan is the first or beginning meaning. 

The original meaning of the word is that a red day rises from the ground. In China, the name of New Year's Day is spoken of from the legend of one of the three emperors and five emperors. He uses the first month of the lunar calendar as the yuan and the first day as Dan.

According to "Historical Records", the Xia Dynasty used the first day of the first month as New Year's Day; The Zhou Dynasty used the first day of November as the New Year's Day; Qin used the first day of October as New Year's Day. 

After the Revolution of 1911, China called the first day of the first month of the Spring Festival, the Gregorian calendar on January 1 called the New Year, not called New Year's Day. 

It was not until September 27, 1949 that the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference passed the use of the Year of the AD law before formally setting the Gregorian calendar on January 1 as New Year's Day. The first month of the lunar calendar must be the Spring Festival.

The Egyptian calendar, the ancestor of the lunar calendar, regards the day when Sirius and the sun rise together as New Year's Day; The Afghan vernal equinox as New Year's Day; Jews use the equinox as New Year's Day; The frigid Eskimos 'New Year's Day is not fixed. They regard the first rain as New Year's Day. 

In 46 BC, the Roman emperor Julian Caesar formulated the Julian calendar. At the beginning, he used the winter solstice as New Year's Day. However, people insist that the new day should be New Year's Day, so the New Year's Day should be extended to 10 days after the winter solstice.